Background: The city of Braunschweig had been struggling to keep the Dukes out and gain an independent position as imperial city since the 15th century. The Dukes moved to Wolfenbüttel but never gave up their claim to govern the insubordinate city. Around 1600 they enforced their claim by military force. The hardest siege of all was performed by Duke Friedrich Ulrich in 1615 and lasted 3 months. Braunschweig was about to give up but got help from outside. The Duke had to accept the city's rights once more. His successor Rudolf August, however, finally succeeded in conquering the city in 1671 and finished the citizens' dream of independence.

