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Corona

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A YEAR OF 445 DAYS! by breughel
When glancing through the twelve centuries of history of ancient Rome one cannot avoid meeting Julius Caesar, one of the most important political personalities of the Roman history.
Among the reforms initiated by Caesar when he was named ?dictator? figures the reform of the calendar which he did in his quality of "Pontifex Maximus".
In order to catch up with the shift between the calendar year and the solar year, Julius Caesar decided to extend the year 45 (before J.C.) until it reached 445 days. After that he fixed the calendar year at 365 and 1/4 days.
The Julian calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months and a leap day added every 4 years to February.
The Julian calendar was of general use in Europe at the Roman Empire until 1582, when the pope Gregory XIII promulgated the Gregorian calendar, which was quickly adopted by the majority of the catholic countries. This calendar still in use corrected a slow forward drift of the Julian calendar which is still used by many national orthodox churches.

To pay homage to Julius Caesar his first name was given to a month of the year named July since then, or a similar name, in all the European languages as well Latin, Germanic as Anglo-Saxon.
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ANNEE DE 445 JOURS !

En parcourant les douze siècles d'histoire de la Rome antique on ne peut éviter de rencontrer Jules César l'une des personnalités politiques les plus importantes de l'histoire romaine. Parmi les réformes initiées par César lorsqu'il fut nommé "dictator" figure celle du calendrier réalisé dans sa fonction de "Pontifex maximus".
Afin de rattraper le décalage entre l'année civile et l'année solaire il prolongea l'année 45 (avant J.C.) jusqu'à 445 jours. Ensuite il fixa l'année civile à 365 jours et 1/4. Une année normale compte 365 jours avec tous les 4 ans une année bissextile par addition d'un jour supplémentaire au mois de février.
Le calendrier julien était d'utilisation générale en Europe du temps de l'Empire romain jusqu'en 1582, quand le pape Grégoire XIII a promulgué le calendrier grégorien, qui fut rapidement adopté par la plupart des pays catholiques. Ce calendrier toujours en usage corrigea une dérive du calendrier julien.

Pour rendre hommage à Jules César son prénom fut donné à un mois de l'année nommé depuis lors juillet, ou un nom similaire, dans toutes les langues aussi bien latines, germaniques qu'anglo-saxonnes.

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